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<title>Central Chile</title>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Central Chile</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the natural region between Aconcagua and Bío-Bio River in Chile. For the valley between the Chilean Coast Range and the Andes, see <a href="Chilean_Central_Valley" title="Chilean Central Valley">Chilean Central Valley</a>.</div>

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<div id="annotation_86x50" style="position:absolute; left:86px; top:50px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"><b><a href="Norte_Grande" title="Norte Grande">Norte Grande</a></b></span></div>

<div id="annotation_65x125" style="position:absolute; left:65px; top:125px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"><b><a href="Norte_Chico%2C_Chile" title="Norte Chico, Chile">Norte Chico</a></b></span></div>

<div id="annotation_45x190" style="position:absolute; left:45px; top:190px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"><b>Zona Central</b></span></div>

<div id="annotation_15x360" style="position:absolute; left:15px; top:360px; line-height:110%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"><b><a href="Zona_Austral" title="Zona Austral">Zona Austral</a></b></span></div>

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<div class="thumbcaption">Natural regions of Chile.</div>

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<p><b>Central Chile</b> (<i>Zona central</i>) is one of the five <a href="Natural_regions_of_Chile" title="Natural regions of Chile">natural regions</a> into which <a href="CORFO" title="CORFO">CORFO</a> divided <a href="Continental_Chile" title="Continental Chile">continental Chile</a> in 1950. It is home to a majority of the <a href="Chile" title="Chile">Chilean</a> population and includes the three largest metropolitan areas—<a href="Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a>, <a href="Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a>, and <a href="Concepci%C3%B3n%2C_Chile" title="Concepción, Chile">Concepción</a>. It extends from 32° south latitude to 37° south latitude.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div>

<p>Central Chile is one of the five main geographical zones in which Chile is divided. The <a href="Chilean_Central_Valley" title="Chilean Central Valley">Chilean Central Valley</a> lies between the <a href="Chilean_Coast_Range" title="Chilean Coast Range">coastal range</a> ("Cordillera de la Costa") and the <a href="Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a> Mountains. To the north is the <a href="Semi-desert" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-desert">semi-desert</a> region known as <a href="Norte_Chico%2C_Chile" title="Norte Chico, Chile">El Norte Chico</a>, (the "little north"), which lies between 28° and 32° south <a href="Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a>. To the south lies the cooler and wetter <a href="Valdivian_temperate_rain_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Valdivian temperate rain forests">Valdivian temperate rain forests</a> <a href="Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregion</a>, in <a href="Los_Lagos_Region" title="Los Lagos Region">Los Lagos Region</a>; (the latter includes most of <a href="South_America" title="South America">South America</a>'s temperate rain forests). The Central valley is a <a href="Fertility_(soil)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertility (soil)">fertile</a> <a href="Region" title="Region">region</a> and the <a href="Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agricultural</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heartland" class="extiw external" title="wikt:heartland">heartland</a> of Chile.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2></div>

<p>The climate is of the temperate Mediterranean type, with the amount of rainfall increasing considerably and progressively from north to south. In the Santiago area, the average high temperatures are about 30 °C (86 °F) in the summer months of January and February and 15 °C (59 °F) in the winter months of June and July. The average monthly precipitation is no more than a trace in January and February and 69.7 millimetres (2.74 in) in June and July. By contrast, in Concepción the average hightemperatures are somewhat lower in the summer at 23 °C (73 °F) but higher in the winter at 13 °C (55 °F), and the amount of rain is much greater. In the summer, <a href="Concepci%C3%B3n%2C_Chile" title="Concepción, Chile">Concepción</a> receives an average of twenty millimeters of rain per month; in June and July, the city is pounded by an average of 253 millimetres (10.0 in) per month. The numerous rivers greatly increase their flow as a result of the winter rains and the spring melting of the Andean snows, and they contract considerably in the summer. The combination of abundant snow in the Andes and relatively moderate winter temperatures creates excellent conditions for Alpine skiing.

</p><p>The annual mean temperature in <a href="Santiago_de_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago de Chile">Santiago</a> is 57 °F (14 °C). The temperate action of the <a href="Ocean" title="Ocean">ocean</a> prevents temperatures from dropping drastically, and if snow falls in the area it does not usually stay on the ground for more than a few hours.

</p><p>In Santiago the annual <a href="Rainfall" class="mw-redirect" title="Rainfall">rainfall</a> is 13 inches (330 mm) and in Valparaíso, it amounts to 15 inches (380 mm). Along the Central Valley rainfall increases gradually southward until it reaches 52 inches (1,300 mm) in <a href="Concepci%C3%B3n%2C_Chile" title="Concepción, Chile">Concepción</a>.

</p><p>The area has experienced a significant drought since 2010, and mean rainfall reduced by 20–40% between 2010 and 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Topography">Topography</h2></div>

<p>The <a href="Topography" title="Topography">topography</a> of central Chile includes a <a href="Chilean_Coast_Range" title="Chilean Coast Range">coastal range</a> of mountains running parallel to the Andes. Lying between the two mountain ranges is the so-called Central Valley, which contains some of the richest agricultural land in the country, especially in its northern portion. The area just north and south of Santiago is a large producer of fruits, including the grapes from which the best <a href="Chilean_wine" title="Chilean wine">Chilean wines</a> are made. Exports of fresh fruit began to rise dramatically in the mid-1970s because Chilean growers had the advantage of being able to reach markets in the Northern Hemisphere during that part of the world's winter. Most of these exports, such as grapes, apples, and peaches, go by refrigerator ships, but some, such as berries, go by air freight.

</p><p>The southern portion of central Chile contains a mixture of some excellent agricultural lands, many of which were covered originally with <a href="Old-growth_forest" title="Old-growth forest">old-growth forests</a>. They were cleared for agriculture but were soon exhausted of their organic matter and left to erode. Large tracts of this worn-out land, many of them on hilly terrain, have been reforested for the lumber, especially for the cellulose and paper industries. New investments during the 1980s in these industries transformed the <a href="Rural_economics" title="Rural economics">rural economy</a> of the region. The pre-Andean highlands and some of the taller and more massive mountains in the coastal range (principally the Cordillera de Nahuelbuta) still contain large tracts of old-growth forests of remarkable beauty, some of which have been set aside as national parks. Between the coastal mountains and the ocean, many areas of central Chile contain stretches of land that are lower than the Central Valley and are generally quite flat. The longest beaches can be found in such sections.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography_and_economy">Demography and economy</h2></div>

<p>From north to south; the following regions are traditionally considered as being part of Chile's central Valley:

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<ul><li><a href="Valpara%C3%ADso_Region" title="Valparaíso Region">Valparaíso Region</a></li>

<li><a href="Santiago_Metropolitan_Region" title="Santiago Metropolitan Region">Santiago Metropolitan Region</a></li>

<li><a href="O'Higgins_Region" title="O'Higgins Region">O'Higgins Region</a></li>

<li><a href="Maule_Region" title="Maule Region">Maule Region</a></li>

<li><a href="%C3%91uble_Region" title="Ñuble Region">Ñuble Region</a></li>

<li><a href="B%C3%ADo-B%C3%ADo_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Bío-Bío Region">Bío-Bío Region</a></li></ul>

<p>Historically, the Central valley has been the heartland of the country with the highest concentration of population (two thirds of the country's population) and, in addition, the area where the greater proportion of the <a href="Economy" title="Economy">economic</a> <a href="Productivity" title="Productivity">productivity</a> of the country is concentrated. Its economy is characterized by its diversity and the strongest pillars lie in the use of natural resources, through the <a href="Copper_mining" class="mw-redirect" title="Copper mining">copper mining</a>, <a href="Logging" title="Logging">logging</a>, <a href="Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a> and <a href="Chilean_wine" title="Chilean wine">wine producing</a>, <a href="Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a>, and <a href="Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturing</a> sector.

</p><p>The main cities are: <a href="Santiago%2C_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago, Chile">Santiago</a>, <a href="Valpara%C3%ADso%2C_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Valparaíso, Chile">Valparaíso</a>, <a href="Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar%2C_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Viña del Mar, Chile">Viña del Mar</a>, <a href="Quilpu%C3%A9%2C_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Quilpué, Chile">Quilpué</a>, <a href="Villa_Alemana%2C_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Villa Alemana, Chile">Villa Alemana</a>, <a href="Quillota%2C_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Quillota, Chile">Quillota</a>, <a href="Puente_Alto%2C_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Puente Alto, Chile">Puente Alto</a>, <a href="San_Antonio%2C_Chile" title="San Antonio, Chile">San Antonio</a>, <a href="Melipilla%2C_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Melipilla, Chile">Melipilla</a>, <a href="Rancagua%2C_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Rancagua, Chile">Rancagua</a>, <a href="Curic%C3%B3%2C_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Curicó, Chile">Curicó</a>, <a href="Talca%2C_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Talca, Chile">Talca</a>, <a href="Linares%2C_Chile" title="Linares, Chile">Linares</a>, <a href="Chill%C3%A1n%2C_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Chillán, Chile">Chillán</a>, <a href="Concepci%C3%B3n%2C_Chile" title="Concepción, Chile">Concepción</a>, <a href="Talcahuano%2C_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Talcahuano, Chile">Talcahuano</a>, <a href="Coronel%2C_Chile" title="Coronel, Chile">Coronel</a> and <a href="Los_%C3%81ngeles%2C_Chile" title="Los Ángeles, Chile">Los Ángeles</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFGarreaudBoisierRondanelliMontecinos2020" class="citation journal cs1">Garreaud, René D.; Boisier, Juan P.; Rondanelli, Roberto; Montecinos, Aldo; Sepúlveda, Hector H.; Veloso‐Aguila, Daniel (2020). "The Central Chile Mega Drought (2010–2018): A climate dynamics perspective". <i><a href="International_Journal_of_Climatology" title="International Journal of Climatology">International Journal of Climatology</a></i>. <b>40</b> (1): 421. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjoc.6219">10.1002/joc.6219</a>.</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Central_Chile#Q2171004" class="extiw external" title="wikivoyage:Central Chile">Central Chile</a></b></i>.</div></div>

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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://local.google.com/local?f=q&hl=en&q=Chile&ie=UTF8&t=k&om=1&ll=-35.335293,-70.72998&spn=4.426899,10.722656">An aerial Google view of the Chilean Central Valley. Argentina lies to the east of the Andes range</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Natural_regions_of_Chile55" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Natural_regions_of_Chile" title="Natural regions of Chile">Natural regions of Chile</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Natural regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Norte_Grande" title="Norte Grande">Norte Grande</a></li>

<li><a href="Norte_Chico%2C_Chile" title="Norte Chico, Chile">Norte Chico</a></li>

<li><a href="Zona_Austral" title="Zona Austral">Zona Austral</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Not included</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:90%;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chilean_Antarctic_Territory" title="Chilean Antarctic Territory">Chilean Antarctic Territory</a></li>

<li><a href="Desventuradas_Islands" title="Desventuradas Islands">Desventuradas Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li>

<li><a href="Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Islands" title="Juan Fernández Islands">Juan Fernández Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="Sala_y_G%C3%B3mez" class="mw-redirect" title="Sala y Gómez">Sala y Gómez</a></li></ul>

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</style><span class=" nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="geo:-35.33529,-70.72998"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°20′07″S</span> <span class="longitude">70°43′48″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.33529°S 70.72998°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-35.33529; -70.72998</span></span></span></a></span></span>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-05-18" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Central_Chile&oldid=1224502985">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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